Compare French Guiana (2002) - Tonga (2005)

Compare French Guiana (2002) z Tonga (2005)

	French Guiana (2002)	Tonga (2005)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas department of France)	3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u
Age structure	0-14 years: 30.2% (male 28,140; female 26,876) 15-64 years: 64.2% (male 63,183; female 53,902) 65 years and over: 5.6% (male 5,192; female 5,040) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 36.2% (male 20,738/female 19,907) 15-64 years: 59.7% (male 33,226/female 33,853) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,031/female 2,667) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	corn, rice, manioc (tapioca), sugar, cocoa, vegetables, bananas; cattle, pigs, poultry	squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish
Airports	11 (2001)	6 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2002)	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 5 (2002)	total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 91,000 sq km land: 89,150 sq km water: 1,850 sq km	total: 748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Indiana	four times the size of Washington, DC
Background	First settled by the French in 1604, French Guiana was the site of notorious penal settlements until 1951. The European Space Agency launches its communication satellites from Kourou.	The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Birth rate	21.66 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	25.18 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $225 million expenditures: $390 million, including capital expenditures of $105 million (1996) (1996)	revenues: $39.9 million expenditures: $52.4 million, including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY99/00 est.)
Capital	Cayenne	Nuku'alofa
Climate	tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation	tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Coastline	378 km	419 km
Constitution	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)	4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967
Country name	conventional long form: Department of Guiana conventional short form: French Guiana local long form: none local short form: Guyane	conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands
Currency	euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)	-
Death rate	4.78 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	5.35 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$1.2 billion (1988) (1988)	$63.4 million (2001)
Dependency status	overseas department of France	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas department of France)	the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas department of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador Fekitamoeloa 'UTOIKAMANU chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco
Disputes - international	Suriname claims area between Riviere Litani and Riviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa)	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02)
Economy - overview	The economy is tied closely to the French economy through subsidies and imports. Besides the French space center at Kourou, fishing and forestry are the most important economic activities. Forest and woodland cover 90% of the country. The large reserves of tropical hardwoods, not fully exploited, support an expanding sawmill industry that provides sawn logs for export. Cultivation of crops is limited to the coastal area, where the population is largely concentrated; rice and manioc are the major crops. French Guiana is heavily dependent on imports of food and energy. Unemployment is a serious problem, particularly among younger workers.	Tonga, a small, open, South Pacific island economy, has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government.
Electricity - consumption	418.5 million kWh (2000)	23.06 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	450 million kWh (2000)	24.79 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Bellevue de l'Inini 851 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
Environment - current issues	NA	deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	black or mulatto 66%, white 12%, East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian 12%, other 10%	Polynesian, Europeans about 300
Exchange rates	Euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)	pa'anga per US dollar - 1.9716 (2004), 2.142 (2003), 2.1952 (2002), 2.1236 (2001), 1.7585 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Ange MANCINI (since 31 July 2002) head of government: President of the General Council Joseph HO-TEN-YOU (since 26 March 2001); President of the Regional Council Antoine KARAM (since 22 March 1992) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; presidents of the General and Regional Councils are appointed by the members of those councils	chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965) head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since 3 January 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister James C. COCKER (since NA January 2001) cabinet: cabinet consists of 16 members, 12 appointed by the monarch for life; 4 appointed from among the elected members of the Legislative Assembly including 2 each from the Nobles and Peoples representatives serving three year terms note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the Cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch
Exports	$155 million f.o.b. (1997)	NA
Exports - commodities	shrimp, timber, gold, rum, rosewood essence, clothing	squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops
Exports - partners	France 62%, Switzerland 7%, US 2% (1997)	Japan 37.1%, China 18.7%, US 17.7%, Taiwan 8.7%, New Zealand 7.4% (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	the flag of France is used	red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
GDP	purchasing power parity - $1 billion (1998 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 23% industry: 13% services: 64% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $6,000 (1998 est.)	purchasing power parity - $2,300 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	1.5% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	4 00 N, 53 00 W	20 00 S, 175 00 W
Geography - note	mostly an unsettled wilderness; the only non-independent portion of the South American continent	archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)
Highways	total: 1,817 km paved: 817 km unpaved: 1,000 km (1998)	total: 680 km paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs	small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe	-
Imports	$625 million c.i.f. (1997)	NA
Imports - commodities	food (grains, processed meat), machinery and transport equipment, fuels and chemicals	foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners	France 52%, US 14%, Trinidad and Tobago 6% (1997)	New Zealand 37.1%, Fiji 24.3%, Australia 9.1%, China 8.9%, US 6.3% (2004)
Independence	none (overseas department of France)	4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	8.6% (FY98/99)
Industries	construction, shrimp processing, forestry products, rum, gold mining	tourism, fishing
Infant mortality rate	13.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 12.62 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.97 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2.5% (1992) (1992)	10.3% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	FZ, WCL, WFTU	ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	2 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	20 sq km (1998 est.)	NA
Judicial branch	Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local court based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana)	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court)
Labor force	58,800 (1997) (1997)	33,910 (1996)
Labor force - by occupation	services, government, and commerce 61%, industry 21%, agriculture 18% (1980)	agriculture 65% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 1,183 km border countries: Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0.11% NEGL permanent crops: 0.03% other: 99.86% (90% forest, 10% other) (1998 est.)	arable land: 23.61% permanent crops: 43.06% other: 33.33% (2001)
Languages	French	Tongan, English
Legal system	French legal system	based on English law
Legislative branch	unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council or Conseil Regional (31 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: General Council - last held NA March 2000 (next to be held NA 2006); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PSG 5, various left-wing parties 5, independents 7, other 2; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - PS 28.28%, various left parties 22.56%, RPR 15.91%, independents 8.6%, Walwari Committee 6%; seats by party - PS 11, various left parties 9, RPR 6, independents 3, Walwari Committee 2 note: one seat was elected to the French Senate on 27 September 1998 (next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; 2 seats were elected to the French National Assembly on 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP/RPR 1, Walwari Committee 1	unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held 21 March 2005 (next to be held in 2008) election results: Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%; seats - HRDMT 7, independents 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 76.49 years male: 73.16 years female: 79.99 years (2002 est.)	total population: 69.53 years male: 67.05 years female: 72.14 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 83% male: 84% female: 82% (1982 est.)	definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English total population: 98.9% male: 98.8% female: 99% (1996 est.)
Location	Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname	Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references	South America	Oceania
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	total: 29 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 136,977 GRT/200,751 DWT by type: cargo 21, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 1 foreign-owned: 7 (Cyprus 1, France 1, Greece 1, Norway 1, Romania 2, United Kingdom 1) (2005)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	-
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; French Forces, Gendarmerie	Tonga Defense Services: Ground Forces (Royal Marines, Royal Guard), Maritime Force (includes Air Wing)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$NA	NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA%	NA
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 50,504 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 32,720 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)	Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970)
Nationality	noun: French Guianese (singular and plural) adjective: French Guianese	noun: Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan
Natural hazards	high frequency of heavy showers and severe thunderstorms; flooding	cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Natural resources	bauxite, timber, gold (widely scattered), cinnabar, kaolin, fish	fish, fertile soil
Net migration rate	8.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Guyanese Democratic Action or ADG [Andre LECANTE]; Guyanese Socialist Party or PSG [Marie-Claude VERDAN]; Guyana Democratic Forces or FDG [Georges OTHILY]; Popular National Guyanese Party or PNPG [Jose DORCY]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Roland HO-WEN-SZE]; Socialist Party or PS [Pierre RIBARDIERE]; Walwari Committee [Christine TAUBIRA-DELANON]	there are no political parties
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman]
Population	182,333 (July 2002 est.)	112,422 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	2.57% (2002 est.)	1.98% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	Cayenne, Degrad des Cannes, Saint-Laurent du Maroni	Nuku'alofa
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 14 (including 6 repeaters), shortwave 6 (including 5 repeaters) (1998)	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2004)
Radios	104,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km	-
Religions	Roman Catholic	Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.17 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female total population: 1.13 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: fair open wire and microwave radio relay system international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television domestic: fully automatic switched network international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004)
Telephones - main lines in use	47,000 (1997)	11,200 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	9,000 (2004)
Television broadcast stations	3 (plus eight low-power repeaters) (1997)	3 (2004)
Terrain	low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains	most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Total fertility rate	3.13 children born/woman (2002 est.)	3 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	21.4% (1998) (1998)	13.3% (1996 est.)
Waterways	3,300 km navigable by native craft note: 460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal and river steamers	-

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